The seminal article on FAIR defines interoperability as “the ability of data or tools from non-cooperating resources to integrate or work together with minimal effort.

A “knowledge line”, aka “K-line”, is a representation of knowledge that connects what we know with how it’s used – we keep each thing we learn close to the agents that learn it in the first place.

Imagine buying something in a store and having to remain there to use the thing.

Sharing is a way to facilitate concurrency. Collaboration is a way to orchestrate concurrent operations on what is shared.